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MIC37300/01/02/03
3.0A, Low-Voltage Cap LDO Regulator
General Description
The Micrel MIC37300/01/02/03 is a 3.0A low-dropout linear voltage regulator that provides a low-voltage, high-current output with a minimum number of external components. It offers high precision, ultra-low-dropout (500mV overtemperature), and low-ground current. The MIC37300/01/02/03 operates from an input of 2.25V to 6.0V. It is designed to drive digital circuits requiring low-voltage at high currents (i.e., PLDs, DSP, microcontroller, etc.). It is available in fixed and adjustable output voltages. Fixed voltages include 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V and 3.3V. The adjustable version is capable of 1.24V to 5.5V. Features of the MIC37300/01/02/03 LDO include thermal and current-limit protection, and reverse-current protection. Logic enable and error flag pins are available on the 5-pin version. Junction temperature range of the MIC37300/01/02/03 is from-40C to +125C. For applications requiring input voltage greater than 6.0V, see the MIC3910x, MIC3915x, MIC3930x, and MIC3950x LDOs. Data sheets and support documentation can be found on Micrel's web site at www.micrel.com.
Features
* 3.0A minimum guaranteed output current * 500mV maximum dropout-voltage overtemperature - Ideal for 3.0V to 2.5V conversion - Ideal for 2.5V to 1.8V, 1.65V, or 1.5V conversion * Stable with ceramic or tantalum capacitor * Wide input voltage range - VIN: 2.25V to 6.0V * +1.0% initial output tolerance * Fixed and adjustable output voltages: - MIC37300--3-pin fixed voltages - MIC37301--5-pin S-Pak or 8-pin e-Pad SOIC fixed voltages with flag - MIC37302--5-pin adjustable voltage - MIC37303--8-pin e-Pad SOIC adjustable voltage with flag * Excellent line and load regulation specifications * Thermal shutdown and current-limit protection * Reverse-leakage protection * Low profile S-Pak package
Applications
* * * * * LDO linear regulator for low-voltage digital IC PC add-in cards High-efficiency linear power supplies SMPS post regulator Battery charger
Typical Application
VIN = 3.0V MIC37300 VIN VOUT VOUT = 2.5V COUT 47F, Ceramic GND VIN CIN MIC37302 VIN VOUT R1 VEN GND ADJ R2 1.3V
COUT 47F, Ceramic
Fixed 2.5V Regulator
Super eta PNP is a registered trademarks of Micrel, Inc.
Adjustable Regulator
Micrel Inc. * 2180 Fortune Drive * San Jose, CA 95131 * USA * tel +1 (408) 944-0800 * fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 * http://www.micrel.com
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VIN = 3.0V CIN
MIC37301 VIN VOUT 100k VEN GND FLG
VOUT = 2.5V COUT 47F, Ceramic
DROPOUT (mV) 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Dropout vs. Output Current
2.5VOUT
3.3VOUT
Fixed 2.5 Regulator with Error Flag
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
3
Ordering Information
Part number Standard MIC37300-1.5BR MIC37300-1.65BR MIC37300-1.8BR MIC37300-2.5BR MIC37300-3.3BR MIC37301-1.5BR MIC37301-1.8BR MIC37301-2.5BR MIC37301-3.3BR MIC37302BR MIC37302BU RoHS Compliant* / Pb-Free MIC37300-1.5WR* MIC37300-1.65WR* MIC37300-1.8WR* MIC37300-2.5WR* MIC37300-3.3WR* MIC37301-1.5YME MIC37301-1.5WR* MIC37301-1.8YME MIC37301-1.8WR* MIC37301-2.5YME MIC37301-2.5WR* MIC37301-3.3WR* MIC37302WR* MIC37302WU* MIC37303YME Output Current 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A 3.0A Voltage 1.5V 1.65V 1.8V 2.5V 3.3V 1.5V 1.5V 1.8V 1.8V 2.5V 2.5V 3.3V ADJ ADJ ADJ Junction Temp. Range -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C -40C to +125C Package S-Pak-3 S-Pak-3 S-Pak-3 S-Pak-3 S-Pak-3 e-Pad SOIC-8 S-Pak-5 e-Pad SOIC-8 S-Pak-5 e-Pad SOIC-8 S-Pak-5 S-Pak-5 S-Pak-5 TO-263-5 e-Pad SOIC-8
* RoHS compliant with `high-melting solder' exemption.
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Pin Configuration
S-PAK-5 (R)
S-PAK-3 (R)
5 4 3 2 1
FLG/ADJ VOUT GND VIN EN
GND 1 EN 2 VIN 3 VIN 4
8 FLG 7 VOUT/ADJ 6 VOUT 5 VOUT
TO-263-5 (U)
e-Pad SOIC-8 (ME)
Pin Description
Pin Number S-PAK-5 TO-263-5
1 2 3 4 5 (Fixed) 5 (Adj.)
Pin Number S-PAK-3
--
Pin Number e-Pad SOIC-8
2 3, 4 1 5, 6, 7 (Fixed) 5, 6 (Adj.) 8 7
Pin Name
Pin Function
EN VIN GND VOUT FLG ADJ
Enable Input : CMOS compatible input. Logic high = enable; Logic low = shutdown. Input voltage which supplies current to the output power device. Ground: TAB is connected to ground. Regulator Output. Error Flag (Output): Open collector output. Active-low indicates an output fault condition. Adjustable Regulator Feedback Input: Connect to resistor voltage driver.
1 2 3
-- --
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Absolute Maximum Ratings(1)
Supply Voltage (VIN) ............................................. 6.5V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)(3) ................................ 6.5V Power Dissipation (PD)(3) .................. Internally Limited Junction Temperature (TJ).......... -40C TJ +125C Storage Temperature (TS) .......... -65C TJ +150C Lead Temperature (soldering, 5sec) ..................260C ESD Rating(4) ..........................................................2kV
Operating Ratings(2)
Supply Voltage (VIN).................................2.25V to 6.0V Enable Input Voltage (VEN)............................0V to 6.0V Junction Temperature (TJ) ...........-40C TJ +125C Package Thermal Resistance S-Pak (JC) .................................................. 2C/W TO-263-5 (JC)............................................. 2C/W e-Pad SOIC-8 (JC) ................................... 10C/W
Electrical Characteristics(5)
TA = 25C with VIN = VOUT + 1V; VEN = VIN; IL = 10mA; bold values indicate -40C < TJ < +125C, unless noted.
Parameter
Output Voltage Accuracy Output Voltage Line Regulation Output Voltage Load Regulation VIN - VOUT Dropout Voltage(6)
Conditions
IL = 10mA 10mA < IOUT < IL(max), VOUT + 1 VIN 6V VIN = VOUT + 1.0V to 6.0V; IL = 10mA IL = 10mA to 3A IL = 1.5A (e-Pad SOIC-8) IL = 3A (e-Pad SOIC-8) IL = 3A VIL 0.5V, VIN = VOUT +1V VOUT = 0V VEN = ViN, IOUT = 10mA, COUT = 47F Regulator enable Regulator shutdown VIL 0.8V (Regulator shutdown) VIH 2.25V (Regulator enable)
Min
-1 -2
Typ
Max
+1 +2
Units
% % % % mV mV mA mA A A s V V A A A A A A mV mV % % % V V nA nA
0.02 0.2 175 300 27 1.0 4.75 170
Ground Pin Current(7) Ground Pin Current in Shutdown Current Limit Start-up Time Enable Input Enable Input Threshold Enable pin Input Current
0.5 1 350 400 500 550 40 50 5
6.5 500
2.25 0.8
2 4 30 75 1 2 400 500
1
15
Flag Output IFLG(LEAK)
VFLG(LO) VFLG
VOH = 6V VIN = 2.25V, IOL = 250A(8) Low Threshold, % of VOUT below nominal Hysteresis High Threshold, % of VOUT below nominal 93 2 210
99.2 1.228 1.215 1.240 40 1.252 1.265 80 120
MIC37302 Only Reference Voltage
Adjust Pin Bias Current
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Notes: 1. Exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. The device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. 3. PD(max) = (TJ(max) - TA) / JA, where JA, depends upon the printed circuit layout. See "Applicatins Information." 4. Devices are ESD sensitive. Handling precautions recommended. 5. Specification for packaged product only. 6. VDO = VIN - VOUT when VOUT decreases to 98% of its nominal output voltage with VIN = VOUT + 1V. For output voltages below 1.75, dropout voltage specification does not apply due to a minimum input operating voltage of 2.25V. 7. IGND is the quiescent current. IIN = IGND + IOUT. 8. For a 2.5V device, VIN = 2.250V (device is in dropout).
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Typical Characteristics
80 70 60 PSRR (dB) 50 40 30 IOUT = 3A COUT = 47F 10 C = 0 IN 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 20
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VIN = 2.5V VOUT = 1.5V PSRR (dB)
80 70 60 50 40 30
Power Supply Rejection Ratio
VIN = 2.5V VOUT = 1.5V DROPOUT (mV)
500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0
Dropout vs. Output Current
2.5VOUT
1000
IOUT = 3A COUT = 100F 10 C = 0 IN 0 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 FREQUENCY (kHz) 20
3.3VOUT
1000
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
3
450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
Dropout vs. Tempetature
1.6 OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 1.5
Dropout Characteristics (1.5V)
10mA Load OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3
Dropout Characteristics (2.5V)
2.5 10mA Load 2
DROPOUT (mV)
2.5VOUT
1.5 1 3A Load
3A Lo ad 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 2.5
0.5 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3.5
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE(C)
Dropout Characteristics (3.3V)
3.5 GROUND CURRENT (mA) OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3 10mA Load 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 INPUT VOLTAGE (V) 3A Load
50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Ground Current vs. Output Current
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
0.0006 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0 0
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (1.5V)
100mA
10mA
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 OUTPUT CURRENT (A)
3
1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
5
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (1.5V)
40 GROUND CURRENT (mA) GROUND CURRENT (mA) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 2A 1A 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 3A 1.4 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (2.5V)
70 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (2.5V)
100mA
3A 2A
10mA 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5
0 0
1A 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
5
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Typical Characteristics (continued)
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (3.3V)
1.4
Ground Current vs. Supply Voltage (3.3V)
70 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 1A 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 2A 3A
GROUND CURRENT (mA) 0.4 0.35 0.3 0.25 0.2 0.15 0.1 0.05
Ground Current vs. Temperature
2.5VOUT
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 10mA 1 2 3 4 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V) 5 100mA
IOUT =10mA
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
14 GROUND CURRENT (mA) 12 10 8 6 4 2
Ground Current vs. Temperature
GROUND CURRENT (mA)
45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5
Ground Current vs. Temperature
2.5VOUT OUTPUT VOLTAGE (V)
2.6
Output Voltage vs. Temperature
2.5VOUT
2.55 2.5VOUT
2.5
2.45
IOUT =1.5A
IOUT =3A
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
2.4 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
6 5.5 5 4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 2.25
Short-Circuit Current vs. Supply Voltage
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
SHORT CIRCUIT CURRENT (A)
6 5 4 3 2 1
Short-Circuit Current vs. Temperature
1.0 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) 0.8 0.6 0.4
Flag Voltage vs. Flag Current
5V
IN
2.5VIN
3.3VIN 2.5V
IN
0.2 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 FLAG CURRENT (mA)
3 3.75 4.5 5.25 SUPPLY VOLTAGE (V)
6
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
400 FLAG VOLTAGE (mV) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50
Flag Low Voltage vs. Temperature
Error Flag Pull-Up Resistor
6 FLAG VOLTAGE (V) 5 4 3 2 Flag Low (FAULT) 1
0.01
16 ENABLE CURRENT (A) 14 12 10 8 6 4 2
Enable Current vs. Temperature
Flag High (OK)
2.5VE N
Flag Current = 250A
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
0
VIN = 5V
0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000
0 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 TEMPERATURE (C)
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Functional Characteristics
Load Transient Response
OUTPUT VOLTAGE (50mV/di .) v OUTPU VOLTAGE T (50mV/di .) v VIN = 3.3V VOUT = 2.5V COUT = 47F Ceramic
Line Transient Response
COUT = 47F Ceramic
3A
OUTPU CURREN T T (3A/div.)
INPUT VOLTAGE (2V/div.)
5V
10mA
3.3V
TIME (400s/di v.)
TIME (100s/di v.)
Enable Transient Response
ENABLE VO LTAGE OUTPU VOLTAGE T (2V/div.) (1V/div.) IOUT = 3A VIN = 3.3V COUT = 47F 2.5V
TIME (40 s/div.)
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MIC37300/01/02/03 Where TJ(max) < 125C and CS is between 0C and 2C/W. The heat sink may be significantly reduced in applications where the minimum input voltage is known and is large compared with the dropout voltage. Use a series input resistor to drop excessive voltage and distribute the heat between this resistor and the regulator. The low-dropout properties of Micrel's Super eta PNP(R) regulators allow significant reductions in regulator power dissipation and the associated heat sink without compromising performance. When this technique is employed, a capacitor of at least 1.0F is needed directly between the input and regulator ground. Refer to "Application Note 9" for further details and examples on thermal design and heat sink applications. Output Capacitor The MIC37300/01/02/03 requires an output capacitor for stable operation. As a Cap LDO, the MIC37300/01/02/03 can operate with ceramic output capacitors as long as the amount of capacitance is 47F or greater. For values of output capacitance lower than 47F, the recommended ESR range is 200m to 2. The minimum value of output capacitance recommended for the MIC37300 is 10F. For 47F or greater, the ESR range recommended is less than 1. Ultra-low ESR, ceramic capacitors are recommended for output capacitance of 47F or greater to help improve transient response and noise reduction at high frequency. X7R/X5R dielectric-type ceramic capacitors are recommended because of their temperature performance. X7R-type capacitors change capacitance by 15% over their operating temperature range and are the most stable type of ceramic capacitors. Z5U and Y5V dielectric capacitors change value by as much as 50% and 60%, respectively, over their operating temperature ranges. To use a ceramic chip capacitor with Y5V dielectric, the value must be much higher than an X7R ceramic capacitor to ensure the same minimum capacitance over the equivalent operating temperature range. Input Capacitor An input capacitor of 1.0F or greater is recommended when the device is more than 4 inches away from the bulk supply capacitance, or when the supply is a battery. Small, surface-mount chip capacitors can be used for the bypassing. The capacitor should be place within 1" of the device for optimal performance. Larger values will help to improve ripple rejection by bypassing the input to the regulator, further improving the integrity of the output voltage.
Applications Information
Enable/Shutdown The MIC37300/01/02/03 is a high-performance lowdropout voltage regulator suitable for moderate to high-current regulator applications. Its 500mV dropout voltage at full load and over-temperature makes it especially valuable in battery-powered systems and as high-efficiency noise filters in post-regulator applications. Unlike older NPN-pass transistor designs, there the minimum dropout voltage is limited by the based-to-emitter voltage drop and collector-toemitter saturation voltage, dropout performance of the PNP output of these devices is limited only by the low VCE saturation voltage. A trade-off for the low dropout voltage is a varying base drive requirement. Micrel's Super eta PNP(R) process reduces this drive requirement to only 2% to 5% of the load current. The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator is fully protected from damage due to fault conditions. Current limiting is provided. This limiting is linear; output current during overload conditions is constant. Thermal shutdown disables the device when the die temperature exceeds the maximum safe operating temperature. The output structure of these regulators allows voltages in excess of the desired output voltage to be applied without reverse current flow. Thermal Design Linear regulators are simple to use. The most complicated design parameters to consider are thermal characteristics. Thermal design requires the following application-specific parameters: * Maximum ambient temperature (TA) * Output current (IOUT) * Output voltage (VOUT) * Input voltage (VIN) * Ground current (IGND) First, calculate the power dissipation of the regulator from these numbers and the device parameters from this datasheet. PD = (VIN - VOUT) IOUT + VIN IGND where the ground current is approximated by using numbers from the "Electrical Characteristics" or "Typical Characteristics." Then the heat sink thermal resistance is determined with this formula: SA = ((TJ(max) - TA)/ PD) - (JC + CS)
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Micrel, Inc. Transient Response and 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V Conversions The MIC37300/01/02/03 has excellent transient response to variations in input voltage and load current. The device has been designed to respond quickly to load current variations and input voltage variations. Large output capacitors are not required to obtain this performance. A standard 47F output capacitor, preferably tantalum, is all that is required. Larger values help to improve performance even further. By virtue of its low-dropout voltage, this device does not saturate into dropout as readily as similar NPNbased designs. When converting from 3.3V to 2.5V, 2.5V to 1.8V or 1.65V, or 2.5V to 1.5V, the NPNbased regulators are already operating in dropout, with typical dropout requirements of 1.2V or greater. To convert down to 2.5V without operating in dropout, NPN-based regulators require an input voltage of 3.7V at the very least. The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator will provide excellent performance with an input as low as 3.0V or 2.25V, respectively. This gives the PNPbased regulators a distinct advantage over older, NPN-based linear regulators. Minimum Load Current The MIC37300/01/02/03 regulator is specified between finite loads. If the output current is too small, leakage currents dominate and the output voltage rises. A 10mA minimum load current is necessary for proper operation. Error Flag The MIC37301 and MIC37303 feature an error flag circuit that monitors the output voltage and signals an error condition when the voltage is 5% below the nominal output voltage. The error flag is an opencollector output that can sink 10mA during a fault condition. Low output voltage can be caused by a number of problems, including an overcurrent fault (device in current limit) or low input voltage. The flag is inoperative during overtemperature shutdown.
MIC37300/01/02/03 Enable Input The MIC37301/02/03 also features an enable input for on/off control of the device. Its shutdown state draws "zero" current (only microamperes of leakage). The enable input is TTL/CMOS compatible for simple logic interface, but can be connected up to VIN. When enabled, it draws approximately 15A. Adjustable Regulator Design
MIC37302 V IN
ENABLE SHUTDOWN
IN EN
OUT R1 ADJ GND R2
VOUT COUT
R1 VOUT = 1.240V 1+ R2
Figure 1. Adjustable Regulator with Resistors
The MIC37302 and MIC37303 allow programming the output voltage any-where between 1.24V and the 5.5V maximum operating rating of the family. Two resistors are used. Resistors can be quite large, up to 1M, because of the very high input impedance and low bias current of the sense comparator. The resistor values are calculated by:
V R1 = R2 OUT - 1 1.240
Where VOUT is the desired output voltage. Figure 1 shows component definition. Applications with widely varying load currents may scale the resistors to draw the minimum load current required for proper operation (see above).
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Package Information
4
1
2 1 3 1 2 3 4
1
5-Pin TO-263-5 (U)
5-Pin S-PAK (R)
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3-Pin S-PAK (R)
8-Pin SOIC (ME)
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MICREL, INC. 2180 FORTUNE DRIVE SAN JOSE, CA 95131 USA
TEL +1 (408) 944-0800 FAX +1 (408) 474-1000 WEB http:/www.micrel.com
The information furnished by Micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, no responsibility is assumed by Micrel for its use. Micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. Micrel Products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfunction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. Life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intended for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant injury to the user. A Purchaser's use or sale of Micrel Products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is a Purchaser's own risk and Purchaser agrees to fully indemnify Micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. (c) 2002 Micrel, Inc.
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